RIA and Ajax Security Workshop – Web 2.0 Expo Berlin

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A very interesting and informative talk dealing with the new types of attacks that affect web 2.0 applications and RIA in particular.

The session was divided in 2 parts, the first about AJAX and the last about Rich Internet Applications.

The slides of this talk are available on slideshare and are impressive for their completeness. Not only they provide detailed examples for every case illustrated, but they link to a series of articles and web resources.

The main problem of this talk is that it’s quite impossible to be able to be specific enough and, at the same time, don’t get too much into details. This resulted in some hard-to-understand parts.

AJAX

In general attacking an AJAX application is more difficult compared to a web 1.0 site. But on the other hand is more difficult to protect an AJAX application because there are more ways to exploit it and new ways are discovered every day.

  • Not all “web 2.0” sites use new technologies (such as Youtube and MySpace)
  • A single page in Myspace has a lots of includes.
  • Also Google Maps has a lot of includes, but ofJavascript code. Google code can be potentially insecure

Why care about web 2.0 security

  • People changed how they interact with web sites (they erase privacy barriers and they don’t feel the distance. The are the new generations)
  • Technologies spread from innovators to traditionalists (today AJAX in financial institutions, health care, government) – mainstream
  • Bugs are affecting people now

Discovery and method manipulation

  • Playing with parameters is still an excellent web attack (asking application to do the work for you). As business logic gets more complex, so do parameters vulnerabilities
  • Figuring out web apps is tough part of pen-test

Two types of Ajax apps

  • client-server proxy (equivalent to SOAP, client hides javascript)
  • client-side rendering (we can see the javascript and know what it does)

Cross Site Scripting

  • Downstream communication methods are much more complicated
  • User controlled data might be contained in arguments in dynamically created javascript, contained in Javascript arrays, etc. As a result, attack and defence is more difficult

Four bugs

  • downstream JS Arrays. Dangerous characters
  • XSS payload can be tucked into many places
  • XSS might already be in the dom (document.url, document.location, document.referer).
  • AJAX uses “backend” requests never expected to be seen directly in browser

RIA

Is ill-defined. Many contain many terms, AJAX, Flash, offline mode, decoupling from the browser. There is a huge disparity in features and security design.

Why use RIA

  • to increase responsiveness
  • desktop integration
  • to write full desktop apps

RIA Frameworks

No one framework is without limits and security problems. The worst seems Adobe Air because it shows all the limits of the very old ActiveX model.

The frameworks:

  • Adobe AIR
  • Microsoft Silverlight
  • Google Gears
  • Mozilla Prism

Adobe Air

  • Full-featured
  • Cross-browser, cross-platform
  • Created with Flex, Flash
  • Can be invoked by browser with arguments, like ActiveX or Flash
  • Air is best thought as ActiveX than Flash ++ (code runs with full privileges and can install malware)
  • SWF files can import functionalities that allows them to interact with AIR applications
  • SWF files can check install status and version
  • By default, code included in AIR application has full rights
  • There is not a “code access security” model such as in Java or .Net
  • AIR has many ways of loading executable content to run, such as HTML/JS and SWF
  • AIR applications can be bundled as binaries
  • Problems: allowing users to install signed applets is dangerous. Allowing self-signed is terrifying
  • Some suggestions to adobe: change default action, disable unsigned install prompts

Silverlight

Lot of sensibility toward security

  • Is the Microsoft Flash equivalent
  • Cross browser and cross platform
  • Subnet of the .NET frameworks
  • The security model is based on .NET
  • Calling system primitives the system will fail. You need to isolate it
  • What could go wrong (threading, DoS attacks against local system)

Google Gears

  • Has SQLite embedded
  • Uses an homegrown API for synchronizing data
  • Has a LocalServer
  • Works offline via SQL database, local assets and a local app server
  • Uses some origin to restrict access to site databases and LocalServer resource capture
  • Provides for parametrized SQL
  • Unfortunately they allows personalization of opt-in screen

Yahoo! Browserplus

  • A very bad idea
  • Runs as a browser plugin, with a separate helper process
  • It’s very similar to ActiveX concepts
  • Use old version or Ruby. Perfectly safe as long as you don’t use strings and arrays

Mozilla Prism

  • Wraps webapps to appears as desktop apps
  • Standalone browser instance
  • Problem: the Javascript included with webapps has full XPCOM privileges (but no content scripting privileges)
  • Problem: the sandbox isn’t real

HTML 5

HTML introduces some new concepts related to storage of informations.

  • Introduces DOM storage (sessionStorage, localStorage, database storage)
  • The major goals are more storage space and real persistence, because cookies are considered too small and users delete cookies or won’t accept them
  • This method bypasses pesky users, that however can use a specific about:config directive

Browser based SQL Databases

  • Injection becomes far more damaging (because of lot of privileges)

Checklist

  • prevent predictability named data stores
  • parametrize sql statements

Summary

  • RIA frameworks widely vary in their security models
  • It is highly likely that web developers will introduce interesting flaws into their desktop applications
Alex Stamos is a Founding Partner of iSEC Partners, Inc, a strategic digital security organization. Alex is an experienced security engineer and consultant specializing in application security and securing large infrastructures, and has taught multiple classes in network and application security. He is a leading researcher in the field of web application and web services security and has been a featured speaker at top industry conferences such as Black Hat, CanSecWest, DefCon, SyScan, Microsoft BlueHat and OWASP App Sec. He is a contributing author of “Hacking Exposed: Web 2.0” and holds a BSEE from the University of California, Berkeley.
RIA And AJAX Security Workshop, Part 1

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RIA And AJAX Security Workshop, Part 2

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Collaboration Techniques that Really Work – Web 2.0 Expo Berlin

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Leisa Reichet in her workshop (of which i lost the first 30 minutes) talked about ways to improve productivity while planning a new web experience.

Nothing new, but it was a good idea splitting the attendands in several group and ask them to work together.

Even if the workshop lasted for 3 hours, however, many arguments where just drafted.

Some notes taken while not brainstorming with my group:

  • build collaboration into your project methodology – collaborate with your project team
  • collaborate with your peers (people who do the same thing as you) and invite other expert perspectives
  • consider wildcard collaborators (not necessarily part of ur team) that has other perspectives

When to collaborate

  • at the beginning
  • not just at the beginning
  • when you’re stuck (trouble shooting / problem solving) – narrow focus

Collaboration tools

  • people (the right ones)
  • sticky notes & market pens
  • whiteboards/flip charts
  • fun stuff (stimulus)
  • sugar (if it’s afternoon)
  • an objective
  • tecniques
Leisa ReicheltLeisa Reichelt
Freelance user experience consultant specialising in collaborative and guerilla user centred design and with a particular interest in designing for (and with!) communities. 

Site: disambiguity.com

Collaboration Techniques that really work

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Opening Welcome – Web 2.0 Expo Berlin

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Tim O’Reilly on stage starts a difficult topic: how can web 2.0 help in a world of crisis? Important topic but, in part for the ugly American slang of Tim, in part because he probably had a strong lunch (he’s constantly thirsty) I understand only little chunks. I’m not the alone, at least considering the comments of my neighbours.

Tim suggest that an entrepreneur has to work on stuff that matters (problems that are unsolved).

Tim cited Pascal’s wager:

I look on all sides, and everywhere I see nothing but obscurity.
Nature offers me nothing that is not a matter of doubt and disquiet.

In particular, if we assume the worst we can ask ourself what really matters.

Tim also states that

A victory small enough to be organized is too small to be decisive

Other considerations of Tim O’Reilly:

  • Great challenges = great opportunities
  • Create more value than u capture

Yossi Vardi (known as the father of ICQ) talks about his role of venture capitalist. He wants young people to be persuaded in what they do and to look after first impressions. They have to work hard.